Seminal features and reproductive index of Thai tilapia (Oreochromis sp. )on different reproductive periods

Learning about the biology of the species is essential to the success of intensive farming. This study aimed to evaluate the semen of Thai tilapia during the four seasons of the year and thereby analyze their reproductive indices. Thus, 60 breeding males of Tilapia were used and were randomly divided into four water tanks and fed with isoproteic and isocaloric feed. The experiment lasted 12 months, starting from October 2014 and ending on September 2015. Thus, it was possible to collect sperm material of animals during the four seasons, twice a month, as well as to evaluate the water quality parameters in the tanks (temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen). The semen was evaluated from a light microscope in an increase of 100 x, then was activated with water. Motility was measured subjectively in the light microscope, as well as the percentage of sperm showing progressive motility. The duration was evaluated with the addition of a timer. For analysis of the morphology of the semen, the test consisted of morphopathology observation of 100 sperm focused in various fields throughout the slide in the light microscope. Once obtained, these data were analyzed through ANOVA and Tukey test as post-hoc analysis, with the help of the software R Statistics. Water quality factors (temperature, pH and2dissolved) were acceptable and during the 12 month period the sperm of tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) had a good ability for fertilization, seen that it performed below the averageof the percentage of critical abnormalities, and quality was perceived by the parameters that also influence fertilization (motility rate, duration of motility and vigor).

Transplantation of nest of amazonian turtle Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) / Transplante de ninhos de tartaruga-da-amazônia Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812)

The main objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the Podocnemis expansa nest transplantation technique used to aid in the conservation of the species, aiming to increase the number of individuals in nature. The Amazonian turtle is famous for its large size and commercial attractiveness, being the target of rampant hunting, mainly by populations that depend on the species economically. In September 2018, natural nests of P. expansa that were in areas of flood risk were excavated and transplanted into new nests constructed by the team. At the same time, the breeding females had their dimensions verified, as well as their respective eggs. In the second stage of the experiment, which occurred in November of the same year, the nests previously transplanted were counted, including the amount of eggshell, indicating how many eggs hatched, and measuring the size of the newborns, besides the presence of deformities. The sand collected from the bottom and surface of the natural and transplanted nests were analyzed by sieving. Through Pearson's correlation, the data were tested and related. No significant relationships were found between the birth rate and the grain size of the nests, which shows that grain size did not influence the success of hatching in the present study. It was found a strong relation (r = 0.80) between the number of eggs and the percentage of deformities of each transplanted nest, showing that the presence of deformed individuals in turtle nests is natural.

Esse estudo teve como principal objetivo analisar a eficácia da técnica de transplante de ninhos de Podocnemis expansa para ajudar na conservação da espécie, buscando aumentar a quantidade de indivíduos na natureza. A tartaruga-da-Amazônia é famosa pelo seu grande tamanho e sua atratividade comercial, sendo alvo da caça desenfreada, principalmente por populações que dependem da espécie economicamente. Em setembro de 2018, ninhos naturais de P. expansa que se encontravam em áreas de risco de alagamento foram escavados e transplantados em novos ninhos construídos pela equipe. Nessa mesma época, as fêmeas reprodutoras tiveram suas dimensões aferidas, bem como a de seus respectivos ovos. Na segunda etapa do experimento, que ocorreu em novembro do mesmo ano, foram observados os ninhos que haviam sido transplantados anteriormente, contando-se a quantidade de casca, que indica quantos ovos eclodiram, e medindo as dimensões dos neonatos, além da presença de deformidades nos mesmos. Areias coletadas do fundo e da superfície dos ninhos naturais e dos transplantados foram analisadas através da peneiração. Através da Correlação de Pearson, os dados foram testados e relacionados. Não foram encontradas relações significativas entre a taxa de eclosão e a granulometria dos ninhos, o que mostra que o tamanho dos grãos não influenciou no sucesso da eclosão neste estudo. Constatou-se uma forte relação (r=0,80) entre a quantidade de ovos e a porcentagem de deformidades de cada ninho transplantado, mostrando que é natural a presença de indivíduos deformados em ninhos de tartaruga.